examples of persuasive communication in academic contexts examples of persuasive communication in academic contexts

Identify strategies for effective speaking at academic conferences. Corrections Today, 72(4), 4043. You may have even taken an online course or may be taking this class online. You can preserve this flexibility while still providing structure by grading assignments promptly, setting regular days and times for course updates, and charting a progressive path with start and end dates for lessons/units so that students arent completing all the work during the last week of class. Here are some examples of persuasion in various contexts to help you think about examples from your own experience: A post on a social media site about the need for sidewalks in your neighborhood so kids can get to school safely An email to your boss proposing a new safety procedure Communication in the Real World by University of Minnesota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. This is a major reason for popularity of online courses, since a busy professional, single parent, or member of the military can get a college education on his or her own time frame. Communication Processes, Principles AND Ethics; Steger (2014 ) Approaches to the Study of Globalization; Reflection Paper - about Connected, but alone? using vivid language to paint word pictures for audience members; providing lay testimony (personal stories from self or others); using figurative language such as metaphor, similes, and personification; and. It proposes that people actively consume specific media channels to satisfy their needs. When presenting a literature review, students are expected to review a substantial number of primary sources and then synthesize them together to provide insight into an issue. If students/trainees are not actively participating, you can have them write a brief response first, then share it with a neighbor, then come back to group discussion. Instead, ethical speakers should use appeals to self-esteem that focus on prosperity, contribution, and attractiveness in ways that empower listeners. Technical courses may include research, but testing, replication, and design are usually more important. This could be a memo, email, presentation, or professional conversation. Yet such spellbinding speakers have taken advantage of peoples emotions to get them to support causes, buy products, or engage in behaviors that they might not otherwise, if given the chance to see the faulty logic of a message. Research shows that common critiques by biology instructors of student presentations include going over the time limit and rambling (Bayer, Curto, & Kriley, 2005). Rewards can be used for positive motivation, and the threat of punishment or negative consequences can be used for negative motivation. Reviewing information about persuasive speeches, discussed earlier, that include propositions of policy may be helpful. Persuasion can be a powerful force that affects the decisions and actions that people take. The question should be open ended, not yes or no. Have follow-up questions prepared to move the discussion along. Poster presentations are common methods of public communication in science and math and are an excellent example of when editing skills are valuable. Scientists also engage in persuasive speaking. Persuasion is difficult because changing views often makes people feel like they were either not informed or ill informed, which also means they have to admit they were wrong about something. Logos refers to the reasoning or logic of an argument. Good discussion questions usually contain a sentence or two that sets up the context for the question. Spend time making good discussion questions. City Temple SDA Church, Dallas, Texas Februrary 2, 2013, Oakwood University, Dynamic Priase CC BY-SA 2.0. How ethical do you think it is for a speaker to rely on fear appeals? This study explored productive academic language use in the persuasive writing of a sample of 40 middle . So hacking your twenty-five-page paper down to five pages isnt enough, as you also need to translate that writing into an oral style. Which Schools Offer Graphic Design Degrees near Indianapolis? Practice good netiquette when communicating with your instructor and classmates. Effective use of immediacy behaviors helps reduce perceived distance between the teacher and student or trainer and trainee. Which Schools Offer Communications Degrees in the Houston, TX Area? If you attend an institution of higher education, you can use these skills to contribute to the academic conversation with your teachers and peers. Presentation content is often data driven, but products and designs must still be sold to various audiences, so persuasive skills are also important. Teachers and trainers also need to be able to translate content into relevant examples and present for long periods of time, adapting as they go to fit the changing class dynamics. Some examples include pursuing higher education and intellectual fulfillment, pursuing art or music, or pursuing religious or spiritual fulfillment. Frequently, students in the arts and humanities are asked to connect a work of art, a literary work, a philosophy, or a historical event to their own lives and/or to present day society. The purpose of this qualitative case study is to investigate the most common communication problems from the views of faculty members at the Middle East Technical University in Ankara, Turkey. We achieve our highest potential through things that are individual to us, and these are often things that we protect from outsiders. The first statistic noted that at least two children a week are killed when they are backed over in a driveway or parking lot. Speakers can combine appeals to safety with positive motivation by presenting information that will result in increased safety and security. Want to create or adapt books like this? Ask questions when you have them so you dont get lost and behind. Pathos refers to emotional appeals. Students are also asked to paraphrase and synthesize existing texts and connect past art or literature to contemporary society. All rights reserved. The sample of this study consists of 50 faculty members including professors, associate professors, assistant professors, and instructors from five largest departments representing five colleges at the . This type of presentation involves researching current and proposed legislation and may involve comparing and contrasting policies in one area with policies in another. Credibility and relevance: While researching this topic, my eyes were opened up to how much an education can truly affect a prisoner, and given my desire to be a teacher, I am invested in preserving the right to learn for everyone, even if they are behind bars. Closing statement: While education in prisons is still a controversial topic, I hope you all agree with me and Supreme Court Justice Burger, whose words opened this speech, when we say that locking a criminal away may offer a short-term solution in that it gets the criminal out of regular society, but it doesnt better the prisoner and it doesnt better us in the long run as a society. Additionally, its very difficult to anticipate how many people will attend your conference sessionit may be forty, or two. Presenters at academic conferences are usually presenting recently completed original research or research that is in progress. Even at communication conferences, where presenters definitely know better, Ive seen people try to speed read their way through a ten- to twelve-page paper because they could only bring themselves to cut it down by half. Some immediacy behaviors include changes in vocal pitch, smiling, leaning in toward a person, nodding, providing other positive nonverbal feedback while listening, and using humor effectively. For instance, there is a letter of an employee to a top manager to reveal the existing problem with the software. Speaking in the arts and humanities usually involves critiquing, reviewing, or comparing and contrasting existing literature, art, philosophies, or historical texts in ways that connect the historical and contemporary. Unfortunately, charisma is difficult to intentionally develop, and some people seem to have a naturally charismatic personality, while others do not. Immediacy behaviors are important parts of teaching and training. Given that the humanities rely primarily on existing texts for information, students may be asked to synthesize and paraphrase information in a literature review, just as a student in the social sciences would. Quantitative social scientists use statistics to provide evidence for a conclusion and collect data about social phenomena using methods such as surveys and experiments. The National Communication Association provides useful resources on the how to of academic conferencing including frequently asked questions and professional standards and guidelines that will be helpful when preparing for any conference: http://natcom.org/conventionresources. Academic communication involves presenting ideas effectively and formally in a scholastic environment. Additionally, while about 48 percent of the general public have taken college classes, only about 11 percent of state prisoners have. As was noted earlier, students may not take these simulations seriously, which is a missed opportunity for applied, practical learning. In our examples above, the first context is a professional conference; the second context is a third-grade classroom. What Schools Offer Communications Degrees in Louisiana? Students need to be able to break down complex concepts and progressively build on them while sharing examples and connecting to the bigger picture of the course. The research design is nonexperimental and explorative. Cognitive dissonance may lead a person to be persuaded, but there are other ways that people may cope with dissonance, such as by discrediting the speaker, seeking out alternative information, avoiding sources of dissonance, or reinterpreting the information. The following link contains some information from the National Communication Association about How to Make the Most of Your Presentation: http://natcom.org/Tertiary.aspx?id=1763. Transition: First Ill explain why prisoners need access to education. Introduction of topic: While we value education as an important part of our society, we do not value it equally for all. You can see a video example of how this organization effectively uses fear appeals in Video 11.1. While data may be compelling and the merits of a design self-evident for internal audiences, external audiences will require more information, and selling ideas requires persuasive speaking skills. Analyze what makes this example effective and consider how academic persuasion differs from other contexts. An example of persuasive communication in the personal context would be a social media post. Paragraph 1 Describe an example of persuasive communication in a personal context. Despite the fact that this need is clearly documented, funding for adult and vocational education in correctional education has decreased. Timothy P. Mottet, Virginia P. Richmond, and James C. McCroskey (Boston, MA: Pearson, 2006), 170. Actually write out examples; dont expect them to come to you as you lecture. Colorado Christian University responds quickly to information requests through this website. Speakers can combine positive and negative motivation with appeals to safety, social, or self-esteem needs in order to persuade. Competent speakers must know the content of their speech and be able to effectively deliver that content. Which Schools Offer Communications Degrees in the Detroit, MI Area? communication, highlighted in a two-page spread near the end of each chapter, brings home the relevance of communication outside the classroom and helps students learn more about how studying communication can help them throughout their lives. Speaking in education/training and development involves students delivering a lecture, facilitating a discussion, or running an activity as if they were actually teaching or training. Want to create or adapt books like this? Aristotles three rhetorical proofsethos, logos, and pathoshave been employed as persuasive strategies for thousands of years. Even though everyone cant embody the charismatic aspect of dynamism, the other component of dynamism, energy, is something that everyone can tap into. More recently, persuasive strategies have been identified based on theories and evidence related to human psychology. Two components of dynamism are charisma and energy. Communicating enthusiasm for your topic and audience by presenting relevant content and using engaging delivery strategies such as vocal variety and eye contact can increase your dynamism. Penn Foster High School responds quickly to information requests through this website. Speaking in technical courses focuses on learning through testing, replication, and design and then translating the technical information involved in those processes into lay terms. The most effective persuasive messages are those that present two sides of an argument and refute the opposing side, followed by single argument messages, followed by messages that present counterarguments but do not refute them (Stiff & Mongeau, 2003). (2011). These courses will teach prisoners basic reading, writing, and math skills that may be lacking. Stiff, J. This is what the speaker wants the audience to have memorized by the end of the speech. The main points of your persuasive speech and the supporting material you include serve as evidence. Create a frequently asked questions document that addresses common areas of concern for students, and allow students to pose new questions so you can add them to the document. 1 Understanding how it works can help you become more aware of . Since communication is such a necessary business Although instructors try to bring professional contexts into the classroom, students have difficulty or avoid engaging with a made-up customer or company. Persuasive messages are symbolic (using words, images, and sounds) and may be transmitted verbally or nonverbally, via media or face-to-face communication. Education may be something the average teenager or adult takes for granted, but for a prisoner it could be the start of a new life. Grand Canyon University responds quickly to information requests through this website. In short, by clearly showing an audience why one position is superior to another, speakers do not leave an audience to fill in the blanks of an argument, which could diminish the persuasive opportunity. This could be a social media post, an email to a friend, or even a conversation. As weve already learned in Chapter 9 Preparing a Speech, writing something that will be read and writing something that will be listened to are two different styles of writing and require different skill sets. Purdue University Global responds quickly to information requests through this website. Positive and negative motivation as persuasive strategies match well with appeals to needs and will be discussed more next. The second tier should prepare prisoners who have not completed the equivalent of high school to progress on to a curriculum modeled after that of most high schools, which will prepare them for a GED. Once these general education requirements have been met, prisoners should be able to pursue specialized vocational training or upper-level college courses in a major of study, which may need to be taken online through distance learning, since instructors may not be available to come to the actual prisons to teach. - Describe an example of persuasive communication in a professional context. While this is not necessarily a bad strategy, it can be done more or less ethically. He used the formal writing style and avoided colloquial words and contractions to follow the ethical guidelines (Khazaei, Lu, & Mercer, 2017). So dissonance is that unpleasant feeling we get when two sounds clash. This is the think, pair, share method. According to a 2007 article by Behan in the. The ability to edit and discern what information is relevant for a presentation is very important in these fields. Posters should be professional looking and visually appealing and concisely present how the information being presented conforms to expected scientific or logical methods. The kind of presentation you write would be very different for these different contexts. While I know from our audience analysis activity that some of you do not agree with me, you never know when this issue may hit close to home. At the skill level, research from the United Kingdom, cited in the 2003 article from. 5 (2000): 28. They include physiological, safety, social, self-esteem, and self-actualization needs (Maslow, 1943). What was the new information and what did it clash with? The widespread use of the Internet has greatly affected academic communication and has caused both advances and complications in academic discourse. You'll learn how to write in a formal tone and politely address your reader, whether it is a professor or peer. Which Florida Schools Offer Communications Degrees? Identify an additional place where you can access the Internet if necessary. (Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 2011): 5571. Transition: Now that Ive established the need for prisoner education, lets examine how we can meet that need. According to statistics from 2010, as cited in the. Start the lecture by connecting to something the audience has already learned, and then say what this lecture will add to their knowledge and how it fits into what will be learned later in the class. Reading in the paper that a house was burglarized may get your attention, but think about how different your reaction would be if you found out it was your own home. She uses, more than once, all the persuasive strategies discussed in this chapter. As you participate in oral communication within and about your field of study, you become socialized into the discipline-specific ways of communicating necessary to be successful in that field. Our social needs relate to our desire to belong to supportive and caring groups. While we might think that exposure to conflicting information would lead a rational person to change his or her mind, humans arent as rational as we think. Identifying Persuasive Strategies in Mary Fishers Whisper of AIDS Speech. Thesis statement: There should be education in all prisons, because denying prisoners an education has negative consequences for the prisoner and society, while providing them with an education provides benefits for the prisoner and society. There is a perception of technical courses as training grounds where you give people a manual, they memorize it, regurgitate it, and then try to put the skills into practice. Most importantly, it provides a systematic conceptualization of different forms of persuasive communication including categories of dialogical, non-deceptive and deceptive OPC as well as persuasion working in relation to socio-political, economic and physical contexts via incentivization and coercion. The take-home message should be related to the main question, perhaps even answer it, as this provides a logical flow for the presentation. What Aviation Diploma Programs and Courses Are Available? Aside from being judged on how technical information is broken down as a speaker in a technical class may be, speakers in education and training are evaluated more on their nonverbal communication. The video and transcript of her speech can be found at the following link: http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/maryfisher1992rnc.html. Narrow your presentation down to an introduction, an interrogation of a main question, and a concluding take-home message. Transition: The model for prisoner education that I have just outlined will have many benefits. List at least one example of how the speaker uses positive motivation. Morgan, S. and Barrett Whitener, Speaking about Science: A Manual for Creating Clear Presentations (New York, NY: Cambridge, 2006), 916, 3547. What are the benefits of inmates getting GEDs? While these labels may be accurate in many cases, they do not do much to move the prisoner toward rehabilitation. A financial planner may persuade by inviting a receiver to imagine prosperity that will result from accepting his or her message. Getting people in the room is important for networking to take place. Teachers who are more skilled at expressing immediacy receive higher evaluations, and their students learn more (Richmond, Lane, & McCroskey, 2006).