There was a weak negative correlation between the vegetarian pattern and energy intake (r=0.096; p<0.01), but a weak positive correlation between the health-conscious pattern and energy intake (r=0.271; P<0.01). This study was conducted as part of EFSs PhD project. Public Health Nutr. The results of this study suggest that certain unhealthy lifestyle behaviours coexist, interact and increase the risk of overweight/obesity in this population. Associate Professor in Nutrition at Kingston University . Obesity is the most common medical condition in women of reproductive age. 2013;17:147685. Dietary preferences also varied between participating universities. Detopoulou, Paraskevi Nutrient intakes were estimated to characterise the nutrient profile of each dietary pattern. CAS Bachelor's degree students recorded higher BMI than those at associate level. 3, 4 Preventing overweight in children is expected to be a promising approach to reducing obesity and It is also possible that dietary differences observed between universities may arise because of socioeconomic gradients across universities. [cited 2018 Aug 29]. Pearsons correlation coefficients between dietary pattern scores and energy intake were calculated. For example, it is recognised that adoption of a vegetarian diet is related to concern about the environment and animal welfare, as well as for health reasons and weight management [35, 36]. Four patterns emerged, with evidence of more healthful dietary practices amongst female and older students, and those with greater self-reported cooking ability. Factors related to diet and lifestyles associated with an increased risk of excess body fat (BF) in the population under study: students of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), EHU12/24 study(Odds ratio and 95 % confidence intervals). Almost one in five students spent over 40 on food each week. Dietary studies of British university students are constrained by crude dietary assessment, small sample size and generally focus on a single university [3, 4]. A second GLM was then fitted, which included significant demographic variables and variables from Group 2. 2008;88:145. Feedback from the pilot study led to three further items being incorporated into the questionnaire (consumption of hummus; tofu; water). Youngest age group (p=0.015) and attendance at University of Sheffield were independently associated with lower scores (p<0.001). The main strength of this work compared with other studies(Reference Bayyari, Henry and Jones89) is that we used the %BF instead of BMI as a diagnostic criterion for overweight/obesity, in order to avoid both false positives and negatives. His experiences are steadily being accumulated through over 9 years of working seamlessly in the nutritional discipline at local and regional institutions. The authors gratefully acknowledge Professor Peter Emery at Kings College London and Dr. Penelope Nestel at The University of Southampton for their assistance in administration of the survey. Socio-demographic and lifestyle data were also collected. Religion was also not included due to confounding with ethnic background. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-018-0398-y, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-018-0398-y. Attendance at Ulster University (p<0.001) was independently associated with lower scores. This research aimed to characterise dietary patterns of university students in the UK and their sociodemographic and lifestyle antecedents. 001). Buck D, Frosini F. Clustering of unhealthy behaviours over time - Implications for policy and practice. Table S2. Kenyon PM, Barker ME. University policy to improve students diets should incorporate efforts to promote student engagement in cooking and food preparation, and increased availability of low cost healthier food items. The following socio-demographic information was collected: age; gender; degree programme and year of study; full/part-time study; nature of term-time residence; ethnicity; religion; socioeconomic status (SES); maternal education; and university attended. 2011;19:197204. Dietary patterns analysis unveiled heterogeneity in food choice with students following four major dietary patterns: vegetarian, snacking, health-conscious and convenience, red meat & alcohol. Dietary patterns were generated from food frequency intake data using principal components analysis. Sprake, E.F., Russell, J.M., Cecil, J.E. 1 In China, approximately 46% of adults and 15% of children are obese or overweight 2,3 and the obesity population is increasing dramatically with elevated consumption of high-calorie foods and adoption of a more sedentary lifestyle. Using this method, 24 participants were identified as over-reporters (8 males; 16 females) and three participants were identified as under-reporters (1 male; 2 females). [cited 2012 Nov 29]. 1990;64:31929 Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2223737. Convenience, red meat, alcohol and vegetarian dietary choices are likely to be influenced by a raft of social, cultural and political factors, which have not been included in the model. The FFQ was piloted among 40 students at the University of Sheffield. The snacking and convenience, red meat and alcohol dietary patterns exhibited the strongest correlations with energy intake (r=0.582 and r=0.547 respectively). You can't lose weight even when you increase your physical activity and stick to a low-calorie diet for many months. 2014;39:50813. Appetite. Hung has authored more than 15+ scientific publications and served in numerous advisory roles.<br><br> Founder of Drug & Diet . The sample comprised 1064 (73.5%) women and 384 (26.5%) men. Similarly, there is enormous heterogeneity in motives for drinking alcohol including coping, enhancement of social status, religious practice, personality type and alcohol availability [37, 38]. Frequencies of consumption in the questionnaire were expressed as follows: every day=7/week, through to once per week=1/week; once every 23weeks (F)=0.5/week; rarely/never (R)=0. Although a vegetarian pattern has been described in the wider UK diet pattern literature [21,22,23], it was a minor component, in keeping with the low prevalence of vegetarianism among British adults nationally (3%) [25]. Data collection was preceded by a pilot study, which was used to refine the web-survey. The health-conscious pattern had greatest nutrient density. A validated 111-item FFQ originally developed by the Medical Research Council was employed to assess dietary intake (DietQ; Tinuviel Software Ltd., Warrington, UK; [18, 19]. Obesity can also cause psychological problems including low self-esteem and depression due to social stigma. The association between obesity and blood clots is already . In Model 2, higher pattern scores were independently associated with male gender (p<0.001), regular/social smoking status (p<0.001), most frequent consumption pre-prepared foods (p=0.040), frequent consumption of ready-meals/take-aways (p<0.001), frequent breakfast skipping (p<0.001), regular consumption of animal products (p<0.001) and greater amounts of money spent on food (p<0.001). 1 The number of school-aged children and adolescents living with obesity is predicted to rise from 150 million worldwide to over 250 million Conversely students favouring more healthful dietary patterns reported greater engagement in other health-promoting lifestyle choices, including not smoking, greater participation in physical activity. Additionally, the first year of university life has been identified as a period associated with body weight gain in both North American [8] and UK students [9, 10]. Lifestyle risk factors of students: a cluster analytical approach. Such engagement in dieting behaviour and dysfunctional relationships with food not only impact on dietary adequacy [14, 15], but may also create tension and conflict for young people as they develop relationships with new peer groups [16]. Gong, Jiayu Panoutsopoulos, Georgios I. This includes 44.3% of students studying for their first undergraduate degree. 2015;2015:639239 Available from: http://www.hindawi.com/journals/apm/2015/639239/. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2010;64:97886. PubMed The vegetarian, snacking and health-conscious patterns identified here are analogous to those previously reported in adult and adolescent UK populations [22, 23]. The . Int J Obes. People are becoming overweight or obese at an increasingly younger age. Finlayson G, Cecil J, Higgs S, Hill A, Hetherington M. Susceptibility to weight gain. 2014;112:168598. Int J Womens Health. Grech, Amanda This clustering of behaviours is important, since the negative health outcomes associated with multiple lifestyle risk factors are greater than the sum of individual health risk behaviours [27]. Students provided their self-reported weight in kilograms (kg), pounds (lbs) or stone (st) and their height in metres (m) or feet (ft). Lennox A, Prynne C, Swan G, Roberts C, Steer T, Pell D, et al. Obesity is a severe public health problem that has reached epidemic levels and is developing rapidly. Methods and Studies among the general UK adult population report similar age effects [21, 22]. Ruby MB. A review of drinking motives. For each retained dietary component a GLM was fitted with demographic variables only (Group 1). Wrieden WL, Anderson AS, Longbottom PJ, Valentine K, Stead M, Caraher M, et al. There were also high factor loadings for fried food, pasta and rice, ready-made sauces, pizza, chips, alcoholic drinks, processed meat, red meat and offal, and eggs; there was a strong negative factor loading for low fat/low calorie yogurts. In terms of eating behaviours of the sample, just under two-thirds of students described themselves as regular meat-eaters, whilst approximately 10% of students identified themselves as vegetarian. 2007;10:5908. Mccourt HJ, Draffin CR, Woodside JV, Cardwell CR, Young IS, Hunter SJ, et al. Cookies policy. A cut-off of 30years was chosen in order to focus on the dietary behaviours of young adults. A web-survey, comprising a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) (Tinuviel Software Ltd., Warrington, UK) was used to assess dietary intake. Obesity (defined as a BMI over 30) can occur in adults and children. Food intake varied amongst university students. In general, these sex differences observed here could be due to the fact that women are more likely to find healthy eating more important(Reference Holmbck, Ericson and Gullberg85), and therefore, they followed more adequate dietary habits than men, eating a greater number of EO daily, skipping fewer breakfasts, taking more time on those meals, and they had a better diet quality, as other authors have highlighted(Reference Maskarinec, Namatame and Kang22).
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