.754 Removal of injurious substance from highway. Roy Cooper signed Senate Bill 182 into law on July 13, 2017. .125 Requirements of use of seat belts, child restraint systems, and child booster seats -- Exceptions. You have to understand the facts that can help you reduce the chances of mistakes. You should verify our information yourself with your local DMV, highway patrol, or other law enforcement authorities. Surprisingly, it is actually illegal to have an off-grid sewage system in Kentucky. Is it ever illegal to drive with your interior lights on? is underglow illegal in kentucky. .231 State maintained highways -- Restriction and regulation of traffic. You may be required to remove illegal lighting from your automobile. Please try again. .226 Violations of KRS 189.221 to 189.228, what constitutes. Legal Status of Underglow lights. It is strictly against the law. The new state law makes it illegal for a motor vehicle to have any red or blue flashing, revolving, or oscillating light mounted unless it is a law enforcement vehicle, or, in some cases, a motorcycle. Dec 29, 2005. Kentucky vehicle lighting laws 189.040 Front lights Flashing lights 189.043 Flashing white or amber lights to warn of traffic hazard permitted. This leaves the situation open to interpretation, which isnt ideal. Neon underglow is permitted in Texas, but with some restrictions. Another example of a grey area where we consider street glow as not illegal is Oregon. Fortinos Soup Bar Menu, While underglow is not currently illegal in California, there is a possibility that it could be made illegal in the future. Side: Yellow/Orange, Red. Therefore it's our conclusion that in Kentucky neon underglow is not illegal, with the following exceptions: Displaying any kind of flashing or rotating lights, except in the case of an emergency, is not permitted. The reason behind this is to avoid accidents. Red lights are only allowed on the rear side. Maybe you're planning to detail your new ride or need to defend against a ticket for underglow writing -- either way, you may want to speak with a traffic ticket attorney if you have additional questions about the respective laws in your area. Please note that while we at NeonLaws.com do our very best to provide you with easy-to-read data from state laws, we will not be held responsible for any potential inaccuracies or misinterpretation of vehicle code. Neon or "underglow" car lights can be eye-catching and even 'cool,' but you'll need to check with the laws of your particular state to find out if having them are legal. Similarly, blinking or flashing lights may be banned . While we do our very best to provide the most accurate information about LED and neon street glow usage we will not be held liable for any potentially incorrect or misinterpreted info. Includes enactments through the 2022 Special Session. Flashing lights can be in the form of fading, color-changing, oscillating, and rotating. Kansas traffic laws allow the use of neon ground lighting on vehicles, except for flashing or red lights, or where the tube is visible. rear: Yellow/ Orange, Red, (and IIRC) Blue/purple, etc. All Rights Reserved. Many customers upgrade their headlights to make them better. In this article we'll do a basic ove, First of all, please keep in mind that NeonLaws.com does not encourage or recommend breaking the law in any way. Underglow is illegal in California. For this reason, its best to speak with your local RCMP or police service to see if they will give you an answer, ideally in writing. Stop the Car Before You Hunt! Red, blue and green colors are prohibited because these lights are used in emergencies. best tattoo shops in orange county / nepal covid restrictions / is underglow illegal in kentucky. .945 Prohibition against use of mobile infrared electronic transmitter -- Exceptions -- Penalties. Only other state where car underglow is completely legal (based on our categorization) is Ohio, which is a good example to note: state laws do not mention underglow in any way, yet based on this Ohio State Patrol website determined underglow is legal. Tennessee Underglow. Only the police department and ambulance will use oscillating lights in times of emergency. Underglow is legal in Ohio . Nevada law does not expressly address nor prohibit additional vehicle lighting equipment. We included a few brief answers to some of your most asked questions about neon underglow. In the auto industry, underglow lights are very high in demand. .287 Bicycle safety regulations and standards. Calendar, Standing Check our data with your local law enforcement or other relevant agencies! Of course, cars used solely off-road, such as dedicated race cars, do not have to adhere to these regulations. There is no explicit documentation that underglow is illegal in this province, outlining the requirements for headlights and auxiliary lights only. The color of your headlights could earn you a fine. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Is underglow safe? This subsection shall not apply to the use of yellow lights for turn signals; or to emergency flasher lights, Kentucky Revised Statutes, Title XVI - Motor Vehicles, Chapter 189 - Traffic Regulations - Vehicle Equipment and Storage. .286 Local government may permit operation of golf cart on public roadway -- Ordinance -- Qualifications for operation -- Exemption from title, registration, and emissions compliance requirements -- Preemption by Transportation Cabinet. Blue light is also prohibited as underglow. .010 Definitions for chapter. I cannot find any law that deals with excess lighting on cars. Legislative Research Commission Copper Vessel For Cooking Biryani, Are blue LED headlights illegal in Kentucky? FRANKFORT, KY (FOX19) Those fancy blue headlights you see on some cars will soon be illegal in Kentucky and drivers can face a hefty fine if they arent removed. Kentucky Law. While yellow and amber neon lights are generally accepted in most places, red and blue lights are often restricted because of its common use on police cars. Some of the legal titles that cover the use of neon underglow lights and other lighting modifications may fall under any of the following titles: Neon underglow lighting laws exist to help keep the highways safe, and drivers free from distractions that may lead to hazardous driving conditions or situations that disturb the peace. .830 Use of emblem or reflective tape restricted -- Exemption from requirement. If underglow is illegal in your state then we highly recommend you accept it and consider other legal car modifications. In most states, underglow lighting violations are punishable in the court of law. Kentucky underglow laws in certain cities or counties may be different from state legislation. Meeting with a lawyer can help you understand your options and how to best protect your rights. I don't know about green, though I saw a civic with full underglows/green a few weeks ago. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. There is one more behind it to avoid people mistakenly understanding the police car. The exact punishment is typically governed by laws of each state, so you may either have to pay a fine or in some cases even get summoned to court since its a misdemeanor. .212 Authority of fiscal court to issue special permits for certain haulers. But despite being much safer, are they actually legal in Canada? If you need an attorney, find one right now. Why are we as a motorcycle LED company telling you this? 7 Whats the law on flashing lights in Kentucky? A professional legal editor for various publications who uses her analytical & observational skills, coupled with her extensive experience in the field of law to articulate difficult legal topics. Labuschagne is reported as saying, The National Road Traffic Act 93 of 1996 does not allow the display of LED lights whatsoever, and this is a stern warning that the Department will clamp down on motorists who have such lights fitted. Part 658 -- Restriction of cabinet's enforcement powers on locally maintained roads. Otherwise, a driver who has received a civil infraction ticket may typically respond by any of the following ways: Failing to respond to a ticket may result in a default judgment that might lead to additional fines, costs, and fees, or even a suspended license. Simply because undercarriage lights arent mentioned in laws does not necessarily mean theyre illegal, so unless additional vehicle lights are completely prohibited we consider street glow legal unless specified otherwise. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. We may be given a small commission when you purchase a product from our site. Underglow lights cost more than 50 dollars. is underglow illegal in kentucky. .636 Accident or traffic violation involving uninsured motor vehicle. .271 Special permits for hauling industrial materials -- Renewals -- Overweight and overdimensional vehicles. car underglow. It's important to understand that despite many misconceptions and misinformed individuals, underglow is not illegal in all of United States. E.A. Most states have specific laws concerning restrictions on the use of accent lighting and other unlawful vehicle modifications, in terms of color, form, type, and location on the vehicle. David Freiheit Right Wing, .350 Assistance in passing or overtaking. Kentucky adopted a Constitutional Carry statute which became effective June 27, 2019. .222 Increased height, length, and weight limits on designated highways -- Exceptions -- Cabinet may promulgate administrative regulations to implement 23 C.F.R. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. While we do consider states in our Not illegal category as essentially legal, take into consideration that a law enforcement officer in a bad mood may still cite you for whatever reason, or at the very least have an additional reason to stop you and inspect your vehicle for other potential violations. In Texas, you can add any led lights to your interior. Laws concerning the use of neon underglow lights are typically covered under the lighting requirements of state traffic laws or motor vehicle codes. First of all, please keep in mind that NeonLaws.com does not encourage or recommend breaking the law in any way. A driver would have the opportunity to correct or remove the violation by a showing to a police officer or motor vehicle department that the issue was fixed. Hence, underglow is illegal in the state. We didnt just pull this conclusion out of a hat though Ohio above is a good example of how neon lights are legal despite no mention of them in laws. Neon underglow lights are especially popular among aftermarket car dealers and owners seeking to enhance the look of a car, among other things. document.write(new Date().getFullYear()); Kentucky While we provide generic state vehicle lighting information note that every city, district or county may have its own specific restrictions, exemptions or regulations. Stay up-to-date with how the law affects your life. Required fields are marked *. KRS Chapter 189. .120 Safety glass required in motor vehicles. State laws affect all after market lighting installed on your car, including but not limited to lighting installed on hubcaps and wheel covers. Copy. Red lights are only allowed on the rear side. In the state of California (CA), neon underglow lights are legal to use, though there are some restrictions of course. However, they provide contact information to find out which modifications are legal prior to installation. Kentucky: Illegal to drive with LED light bars turned on. Home. Lighting is heavily regulated in Canada, which makes sense given how critical proper lights are in dark conditions. Common exceptions only include show cars, but even if exempt you may still not be permitted to drive such vehicles on public roads or highways. .753 Abandonment of motor vehicle on state highway -- Presumption -- Notification -- Removal. Matt Bevin signed House Bill 74 in March. Yes it's illegal to drive with an underbody light kit. All 50 states have different kinds of restrictions on aftermarket car lights, so make sure you always read neon underglow laws carefully and avoid using any restricted colors, placements, or other prohibited lights which may violate. 1 Can you have blue lights on your car in Kentucky? If you need an attorney, find one right now. Some states like Kansas or California permit using car underglow, but at this point there are only five st Read more The cop said they they were illegal because we aren't allowed to change the factory headlig Illegal Light colors: I understand that underglow is illegal in Virginia on public roads unless it is unlit and covered. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Some states like California, Kansas, and Arizona, allow the use of neon underglow car lights with restrictions on a particular color and location. I got pulled over the first time parking in front of my house. Commissions may be generated from qualifying purchases. Riding with Motorcycle Accent Lighting is Illegal in Some States Yes, it's true. .565 Operator of motor vehicle used in transporting inflammable liquids or explosives to stop vehicle at railroad crossings -- Exceptions. Is it illegal to have a blue light on your car in Kentucky? .930 Right-of-way to emergency vehicles -- Blocking or following emergency vehicles -- Driving over unprotected hoses of fire department. Can you have blue lights on your car in Kentucky? .500 Logs or stones not to be dragged on highways. Trafficking of under five pounds can get you one to ten years in prison and a $10,000 fine. As a general principle, underglow lights are legal so long as they remain covered and unlit on public roads and do not flash or include the colors red or blue. Traffic law experts are on call 24/7 ready to answer any question you have. .370 Passing stopped school or church bus prohibited -- Application to properly marked vehicles -- Rebuttable presumption as to identity of violator. .210 Maximum weight permitted on highway. .110 Unobstructed windshields -- Display of American flag -- Windshield wipers. 5. .2851 Operation, titling, registration, and insuring of motor scooters -- Headgear requirements. .280 Trucks and trailers owned by governmental units -- Regulation of trucks and trailers by cities. The KRS database was last updated on 04/26/2022. What to do If Caught, Is Catfishing Illegal? Only the police department and ambulance will use oscillating lights in times of emergency. Copyright 2023 Low Offset. The lights could be used for off-road, racing, and parades only. []. .228 Evidence of ownership -- Each violation constitutes separate offense. And even some states, like South Carolina, do not allow you to have any red, blue, or flashing lights anywhere on your vehicle, whether visible or not. Neon underglow is not illegal in Indiana if you follow the restrictions, as long as the illumination on the license plate is white. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. According to the public safety department of Texas, you need a stamp from the transportation department or the respective traffic department. This subsection shall not apply to: (a) Any light on a motorcycle that is not affixed to the front of the motorcycle; or (b) Nonhalogen headlamps that have a slight blue tint and meet United States Department of Transportation regulations. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. .011 Additional definitions -- Application of light regulations. By cokidney 27 Sep, 2020. .025 Repealed, 1988. Under traffic laws in most states, drivers may be given a ticket for modifying a car in violation of the state's traffic and vehicle modifications laws. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Our mission is to help you modify your car the right way, whatever your budget. .020 Equipment of vehicle not to be nuisance or menace. Gov. The law in New Brunswick is vague, but underglow is considered illegal for use on public roads, with drivers reporting they have been pulled over for using it. keys to navigate, use enter to select, Stay up-to-date with how the law affects your life. Has been a legal author for the last 12 years & have also worked as a journalist, professor & book editor. They're legal as the state of FL doesn't prohibit any type of non essential lights. .505 Motor vehicle races on highways prohibited. The lamps used to display such warning to the rear shall be mounted at the same level and as widely spaced laterally as practicable, and shall show simultaneously flashing amber or red lights, or any shade of color between amber and red. Despite the law, many people in Kentucky still do use outhouses or composting toilets. .043 Flashing white or amber lights to warn of traffic hazard permitted. Please read the disclaimer before taking any advise from the website. [2023], Is Counting Cards Illegal? And it only can be used if the vehicle is not in motion. Therefore, it is better to develop a non-destructible and constructive habit. Get tailored legal advice and ask a lawyer questions. Neon underglow would fall under this type of lighting. .2329 Prohibited conduct with respect to temporary traffic control devices in highway work zones -- Penalty -- Disposition of restitution payments. Many traffic ticket attorneys offer free consultations. A neon underglow lighting law violation is considered a civil infraction punishable as a non-moving traffic violation. A neon underglow lighting law violation is considered a civil infraction, punishable as a non-moving traffic violation. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Laws almost always mention and specify the color, size or height of vehicle lights, but it's crucial to understand that neon underglow does not fall i. Complex traffic tickets usually require a lawyer, Experienced lawyers can seek to reduce or eliminate penalties. .550 Vehicles used for transporting children to stop at railroad crossings. Therefore it's our conclusion that in Kentucky neon underglow is not illegal, with the following exceptions: Displaying any kind of flashing or rotating lights, except in the case of an emergency, is not permitted. A neon underglow lighting law violation is considered a civil infraction, punishable as a non-moving traffic violation. Displaying red light visible from front of vehicle is not permitted. So that you can go out and check to make sure that you can actually ride with the lights on without getting in trouble. Also Check Is Under Glow Legal in California? 07-27-2005, 09:15 PM. No red light is allowed on the front side of the vehicle. Though not specifically forbidden (unless flashing), we recommend you avoid using red or green neon underglow to avoid being mistaken as a police or emergency vehicle. As an example, in Massachusetts you may not even install car underglow. Kentucky is one of four U.S. states constituted as a commonwealth (the others being Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts). .288 Operation, insuring, titling, and registration of autocycles -- Exemption from headgear requirements. If anyone were found flashing these lights in public would have paid a heavy fine. 189.920 Flashing lights and sirens 189.950 Prohibitions Exceptions. Its a synonym for LED lighting, underbody glow, neon lighting, ground effect lighting, neon tubes, halo lights, ground illuminating lights, street glow, plasma lights, neon system, or any version or combination of these terms. .330 Turning and right-of-way at intersections. .011 Additional definitions -- Application of light regulations. Theres a massive caveat however. Underglow is mainly used as an aesthetic item. .020 Equipment of vehicle not to be nuisance or menace. Most states have specific laws concerning restrictions on the use of accent lighting and other unlawful vehicle modifications, in terms of color, form, type, and location on the vehicle. Laws almost always mention and specify the color, size or height of vehicle lights, but it's crucial, It's important to understand that despite many misconceptions and misinformed individuals, underglow is not illegal in all of United States. .2717 Annual overweight permit for transporting nondivisible loads over specified routes -- Axle-weight limitation. Memphis Airport Art Contest 2021, http://mcevedys.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/logo.jpg. There are vague laws, or even the absence of explicit mentions of underglow in the provinces of Prince Edward Island, Quebec . .456 Accessible parking placard for person with a disability -- Duplicate placard -- Fees -- Proof of disability -- Application by parent or guardian -- Organizations transporting disabled individuals -- Display -- Administrative regulations. 3. Underglow lights are legal until they are not lit in public. We recommend contacting authorities in Newfoundland and Prince Edward Island as well before buying or installing an underglow kit on your vehicle just to be on the safe side. of Educational Accountability. My question is will it pass inspection with it on there and do I need it covered for inspection? Kentucky law does not restrict usage of additional vehicle lighting which would include neon underglow. . Any aftermarket lights visible from front of vehicle should be white or amber. .820 Slow-moving vehicle emblem or reflective tape required -- Display -- Regulations for mounting emblem or reflective tape. 1. Yes, you can until your lights are not flashing and are covered on the public roads. If youre stopped by law enforcement officers for illegal neon car underglow you will likely get cited. .515 Restrictions on operation of all-terrain vehicles. Careful Wearing Red. No, states generally do not have laws that explicitly say it is illegal to drive with your interior dome lights on. Kentucky law does not restrict usage of additional vehicle lighting which would include neon underglow. It is considered as an unapproved auxiliary lamp, and the law prohibits the installation of any auxiliary lamp, which has not been approved by the California state. .2716 Annual overdimensional permit for transporting steel products to a Kentucky riverport -- Width and mileage limitations. This subsection shall not apply to the use of red flashing lights on school buses or to stop lights or turn signals at the rear of any motor vehicle. My question is will it pass inspection with it on there and do I need it covered for inspection? Kentucky law does not restrict usage of additional vehicle lighting which would include neon underglow. (4) No motor vehicle, except those designated under KRS 189.910 to 189.950 as public safety vehicles, shall be equipped with, nor shall any person use upon any vehicle any yellow flashing, revolving, or oscillating light. A second offense will have you facing 10-20 years. (8) Flashing lights are prohibited on all motor vehicles except as a means for indicating a right or left turn or for the purpose of warning the operators of other vehicles of the presence of a vehicular traffic hazard requiring the exercise of unusual care in approaching, overtaking or passing. One highway patrol officer may fine you, while the other may give you a pass. [Complete Legal Guide], Is it Illegal to Burn Money? The law includes penalties for having non-standard vehicle lighting, but if youre reading the law carefully this only applies to vehicle lighting described in the statutes. Based on state underglow or vehicle lighting laws we have three different conclusions or categorization we use throughout our website: Legal, Not Illegal, and Illegal. Astrologer | Numerologist | Tarot Card Reader | Wellness Coach Before taking aim at your next big meal, you must first stop your vehicle. .396 Enforcement of traffic regulations on off-street parking facilities offered for public use. Only white led bulbs are allowed on headlamps. No person shall install or maintain a red, yellow, green or similarly colored flashing light within one hundred (100) feet of the right-of-way of a state maintained highway for any purposes other than safety, highway construction, or emergency purposes. Which not only reflects a person's mood but also his personality. Only a few states do not specifically prohibit using flashing lights on civilian vehicles, but its still the fastest way to a vehicle equipment violation ticket. Any lighted lamp or illuminated device upon a motor vehicle other than head lamps, spot lamps, auxiliary lamps, or flashing front . The use of these lightings are prohibited under section 4 subsection (4) of Alberta's Vehicle Equipment Regulation. Commissions may be generated from qualifying purchases. cheebdragon ( 19753) Great Answer ( 0 ) Flag as . Therefore its our conclusion that in Minnesota neon underglow is illegal. The laws require homes to have sanitary wastewater treatment systems. The red and blue lights sometimes distract people. Penalties are considerably harsher for selling to minors. These lights make your car beautiful and give it an attractive look. .450 Stopping, standing, parking, or repairing vehicle on roadway or shoulders of highway. .227 Enforcement of KRS 189.221 to 189.228 and other statutes relating to motor vehicles -- Department of Kentucky State Police powers -- Commercial motor vehicle inspectors. UNDERGLOW is a vehicle modification that - when done properly - makes the car look like it's floating along on a coloured patch of light.But a . If youre considering installing neon or LED lights on your car we advise you to not only consult pertinent laws but also educate yourself about why the laws are made as they are, and understand which vehicle lights may get you into trouble. .390 Speed -- Secretary authorized to increase speed limit in certain areas by official order -- Parking. Are Radar Detectors Legal in Florida? .700 Declaration of policy concerning parking lots and automobile storage garages. Red lights may only be visible from the rear of a vehicle. Cities in Kentucky: Louisville, Lexington, Bowling Green, Paducah, Frankfort, Owensboro, Elizabethtown, Bardstown, Bearville, Covington, Hopkinsville, Essie, Richmond, Pikeville, Ashland, Florence, Danville, London, Sweeden, Berea, Middlesborough, Somerset, Corbin, Harlan, Erlanger, Murray, Lowes, Maysville, Shelbyville, Glasgow, Nicholasville, Relief, Newport, Georgetown, Fies, Hazard, Madisonville, Shepherdsville, Henderson, Campbellsville, Dingus, Hebron, Benton, Eminence, Winchester, Cave City, Morehead, Versailles, Raceland, Harrodsburg, Counties in Kentucky: Adair, Allen, Anderson, Ballard, Barren, Bath, Bell, boone, Bourbon, Boyd, Boyle, Bracken, Breathitt, Breckinridge, Bullitt, Butler, Caldwell, Calloway, Campbell, Carlisle, Carroll, Carter, Casey, Christian, Clark, Clay, Clinton, Crittenden, Cumberland, Daviess, Edmonson, Eliott, Estill, Fayette, Fleming, Floyd, Franklin, Fulton, Gallatin, Gerrard, Grant, Graves, Grayson, Green, Greenup, Hancock, Hardin, Harlan, Harrison, Hart, Henderson, Henry, Hickman, Hopkins, Jackson, Jefferson, Jessamine, Johnson, Kenton, Knott, Knox, LaRue, Laurel, Lawrence, Lee, Leslie, Letcher, Lewis, Lincoln, Livingston, Logan, Lyon, McCracken, McCreary, McLean, Madison, Magoffin, Marion, Marshall, Martin, Mason, Meade, Menifee, Mercer, Metcalfe, Monroe, Montgomery, Morgan, Muhlenberg, Nelson, Nicholas, Ohio, Oldham, Owen, Owsley, Pendleton, Perry, Pike, Powell, Pulaski, Robertson, Rockcastle, Rowan, Russell, Scott, Shelby, Simpson, Spencer, Taylor, Todd, Trigg, Trimble, Union, Warren, Washington, Wayne, Webster, Whitley, Wolfe, Woodford. Is it legal to put underglow on cars in Kentucky? 5 Can you have red or blue lights on car? With the exception of Ontario, which at least for now appears to permit green underglow, it is illegal to run underglow on public roads in the vast majority, if not all, of Canada. It is against the law to have flashing lights. There are no relevant KY laws which specifically restrict or prohibit installing car underglow, meaning we consider it legal to use it while driving. See answer (1) Best Answer. While Maryland state laws do not prohibit underglow lighting outright, they restrict the types of colors or kinds of lights a driver may use. Neon underglow lighting laws are called by many names. .338 Limitation of colored lights used in traffic-control signals -- Rules for vehicular and pedestrian traffic controlled by traffic-control signals -- Affirmative defense for motorcyclists. Available in almost 150 color shades, underglow lights are primarily used as modifications to give cars an aesthetic look. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Colors red and blue are typically not permitted for use on any civilian vehicles and are restricted to fire departments, police cars, and ambulances. Kentucky law does not restrict usage of additional vehicle lighting which would include neon underglow. As a general principle, underglow lights are legal so long as they remain covered and unlit on public roads and do not flash or include the colors red or blue. It also prohibits the use of flashing or rotating lights and the use of blue lights. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. We use Not Illegal category on states where laws do not mention street glow. .205 Regrooved or recut tires prohibited -- Exceptions. For safety or other emergency reasons, the laws generally restrict the color and type of neon accent lights a driver may add to a car. .2225 Operation of certain overdimensional motor vehicles authorized in some counties -- Operation of certain overdimensional motor vehicles transporting agricultural commodities or materials authorized on all public roads. what happens when you go ua in the marine reserves, louisiana grills error code er 1 how to reset, khloe kardashian picuki,