intramuscular injection sites in dogs and cats intramuscular injection sites in dogs and cats

In this lab, we will examine the epaxial muscles as an IM injection site. Location: The quadriceps muscle group is located cranial to the greater trochanter of femur, ventral to the wing of the ilium and proximal to the straight patellar ligament of the stifle. Already have a myVCA account? Introduction to Clinical Skills and Tidy Up Time, Injections can be given via several routes its important to double check your labels and formulary-giving medications via the wrong route or wrong dose is a common in malpractice law suites. Epaxial (lumbodorsal) muscles are on either side of the lumbar vertebrae. Injections are a common and important way we give medications to our patients. This route is not suitable for administration of irritant medications as they may cause severe skin reaction and damage. Get the right information from your vet, then get the right care products for your pet. This article will answer your questions about IM administration in dogs. 5 40 IM injections can be much more painful than subcutaneous injections, so proper technique is key to minimizing pain. In feedlot cattle, the respiratory form is most common. Injections in dogs are usually administered via intramuscular (IM) or subcutaneous (IM) route. Feline Ovariohysterectomy Student Study Guide, Assessment Rubric and DETAILED STEPS, 28. 0000008463 00000 n With most pets, the best subcutaneous injection sites are located behind the neck and shoulder blades. How to Add or Remove Contacts from Kids Messenger Account ; Step #1. 2. This helps disperse the drug and decrease the likelihood of the injection site being damaged. ALWAYS look it up! Insulin Syringes Difference between U 100 and U 40 and Emergency Conversion Chart, 54. Reporting Animal Cruelty: The Role of the Veterinarian Manual (MN-Animal Folks), 26. However, there is no reason why different forms of a vaccine could not be used for priming and for boosting. Needles for these should be longer than those for subcutaneous ones, but if they are too long, they could harm tissue and nerves. 2023 Bishops Stortford Vets Registered in England 07961322 VAT No. Use gauze to stop the bleeding. To give the injection, create a small pocket of skin behind your dogs shoulders. However, the use of nebulised drugs means that the patient must breathe air containing the drug. What are the benefits of giving your dog an IM? The injection is given to a tented area on the pets shoulder, which is the least sensitive area. Make sure the area is clean and dry, and that you can reach the top of the dogs back without causing your dog to become uncomfortable. It is a worldwide problem that presents primarily as an acute respiratory read more. 5 0 obj <> endobj trailer A positive action for insertion of needles into muscles reduces muscle damage and pain and massaging the site after injection disperses the injection and may help to reduce pain. When giving insulin to a dog, its important to remember that its important to insert the needle in the back of the neck, scruff region. 1. It may also relieve some of the discomforts of the injection for the dog. Be extremely cautious while administering intramuscular injections because the sciatic nerve is located in the middle of the leg. Working with syringes and needles requires great care, and you need to learn how to provide that care for your pets. The veterinarians instructions or the label on the container will tell you the volume of medication that needs to be injected. Can this medication be given to this species? SUMMARY Confidosetm IM Auto-Injector Submitter's Name, Address, Telephone Number, Contact Person and Date Prepared . Optional vaccines may include canine coronavirus, parainfluenza virus, Bordetella bronchiseptica, leptospirosis, and Lyme disease. Be sure to look up medication in a veterinary drug formulary to double check indication, dose, side effects and contrary use indications as well as medication incompatibility, drug withholding time for food animals is absolutely vital as well as what drugs are forbidden to use in food animal species, as well as where to inject in food animal species so as not to disrupt or contaminate certain cuts of meat. The first step in giving a canine intramuscular injection is to prepare the needle and syringe. The Merck Veterinary Manual was first published in 1955 as a service to the community. The commonly adopted technique and site for intramuscular injection in the cat are described, and the often resulting inadequacy and risk are discussed. Syringe Handling 1 ml and Practice Technique Using 2 Pieces of Tape, 9. IM injections for canines are generally performed in the thigh muscles on the front of the rear limb or the hamstring muscles on the backside of the rear leg. Enter search terms to find related veterinary topics, multimedia and more. Contact your vet for advice. 0 Intramuscular injection demonstration Show more Show more 3:57 16K views 61K views 8 months ago 5 years ago Almost yours: 2 weeks, on us 100+ live channels are waiting for you with zero hidden. The duration of immunity claimed by a vaccine manufacturer is the minimal duration supported by the data available at the time of approval. It is also less painful for the patient. The method of drug administration is called an intramuscular injection (IM),and it is commonly used, particularly when a rapid drug effect is desired. Essential (or core) vaccines should be given to all animals of a species, and veterinarians should ensure that immunity is maintained throughout an animal's life by appropriate revaccination. 0000019303 00000 n Allergies: Atopic Dermatitis (Airborne) in Dogs and Cats. In feedlot cattle, the respiratory form is most common. Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA(known as MSD outside of the US and Canada) is dedicated to using the power of leading-edge science to save and improve lives around the world. The simultaneous administration of multiple vaccines to an animal does not present difficulties to the immune system of normal, healthy animals. Modified live vaccines, however, may induce a protective primary immune response and some immunologic memory. A veterinarian will use the most appropriate site for your dog's IM injection. Drinking water vaccines are increasingly employed in large swine operations. SHARES. Terms in this set (11) What are the common IM . What are the indications for this medication? This approach is excellent for relatively small numbers of animals and for diseases in which systemic immunity is important. Effective administration of medicine is a key part of most veterinary treatments and many medications are most effective when given by injection. These muscle tissues have less pain receptors and are ideal for viscous medications. ex) adult heart worm treatment in dogs-lumbar muscle, some vaccines in horses-neck or rear leg muscles, vaccines in cattle/pigs-neck muscles just distal to the ear. Intramuscular injections are more painful than subcutaneous ones. These intramuscular injections are usually on the neck, chest, glute, or hind leg, though it may differ depending on the animal, there are fewer pain receptors is muscle tissues making it an ideal site for more irritating or viscous medications. 209.59.143.216 Can this medication be given by this route? If blood does flow back, a different injection site should be chosen. If you have a nervous dog, enlist the assistance of another person or call the veterinary clinic to get instructions on restraining the dog. inject into the opposite side to which you are standing (if feasible). Youre going to need a syringe to give an intramuscular injection to your dog. This may even include injections, one of the best methods for providing medication to animals. Is this medication too viscus to be given by this route-can it be diluted? Felines intramuscular injections are mostly recommended to be administered in the quadricep or cranial thigh muscle; alternatively, the dorsal muscles along the spine are also suggested. Want to create or adapt books like this? California Vet Supply can provide you with more than just the advice in this article. After giving your pet an injection, you may want to give him a massage to help ease the pain and promote circulation. Risks and complications Intramuscular injections may also cause an abscess or gangrene at the injection site, depending on the specific medication and amount administered. Use for phrases If youre administering an intramuscular injection to your dog, the question you might be asking yourself is: Do you pinch the skin? x[r}WSjJpM]1SIIe"Zr)_srqYIT r=;w\6-+wtvswesUU6"9rrwSuEeYV>K& r+ Vs{ky-'|v?B^i^4E`)LU2mUYVL \T]X 0000028815 00000 n Even killed viral vaccines may protect some animals against disease for many years. All Rights Reserved. When it comes to administering medications to dogs, where is the best site for an IM injection? Veterinary Clinical Skills Compendium Copyright by Susan Spence. These maternal antibodies may drop below protective levels while, at the same time, preventing successful immunization. 0000025892 00000 n owners of diabetic animals are taught how to administer insulin subcutaneously so that they can give regular injections to their pet at home. It is important to note that modified live vaccines against viruses that cause abortion should not be used in pregnant animals, because the vaccine itself may cause abortion. By In feedlot cattle, the respiratory form is most common. You will add to your knowledge base daily, know where to look things up from trusted sources, Google can lead you astray, In general here are the recommended angles of needle insertion for Intradermal, Subcutaneous, and Intramuscular Injections, the angle of the needle helps to inject in the proper location. A significant difference likely exists between the minimal level of immunity required to protect most animals and the level of immunity required to ensure protection of all animals. stream This is because intramuscular tissue is rich with blood and the medication absorbs more rapidly this way. A positive action for insertion of needles into muscles reduces muscle damage and pain and massaging the site after injection disperses the injection and may help to reduce pain. Drugs given into muscles are absorbed very quickly because there is a good blood supply to muscle tissue. Please confirm that you are a health care professional. Having someone assist you will make the procedure easier. ALWAYS look it up! If you are unsure that your pet received the full amount of the injection, contact your veterinary hospital for instructions. 0000009951 00000 n Volumes of injection should not be more than 2ml in cats. Conclusion. . Syringe Handling 1 ml and Practice Technique Using 2 Pieces of Tape, 9. Most syringes are small enough to allow the plunger to be depressed with the palm of the same hand once the needle has been positioned underneath the skin. Log in 24/7 to access your pets health care information. Malcolm Weir, DVM, MSc, MPH; Ernest Ward, DVM, Contributors: Malcolm Weir, DVM, MSc, MPH; Ernest Ward, DVM. 0000024529 00000 n Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. In dogs, the appropriate sites for intramuscular injections include the quadriceps, lumbodorsal, and triceps muscles. This factsheet will only consider the intramuscular and subcutaneous routes as these are the techniques most likely to be encountered by cat owners. Think about where you are standing when placing an IM injection into the hind quarters in cattle to avoid the risk of being kicked e.g. You should be especially careful about choosing the right syringe size for intramuscular injections. xref 0000006940 00000 n /68,sPeahX CmWG\ "}6\F2Of" Performance & security by Cloudflare. the abdominal cavity (known as intraperitoneal injection) or thoracic cavity (known as intrapleural injection), the quadriceps (muscle on the front of the thigh), lumbodorsal muscles (muscles either side of the lumbar spine). 0000005714 00000 n The cranial border of femur marks the most caudal aspect of the quadriceps muscle group. There are many routes we use, not all medications can be given by all routes! The viral infection alone is not life-threatening but predisposes read more, cats against feline rhinotracheitis and calicivirus Feline Respiratory Disease Complex Feline respiratory disease complex is typically manifested by clinical signs of the eyes, nose, and mouth ( rhinosinusitis, sneezing, conjunctivitis, lacrimation, salivation, and oral ulcerations read more infections, poultry against infectious bronchitis Infectious Bronchitis in Poultry Infectious bronchitis is an acute, highly contagious upper respiratory tract disease in chickens. Spraying of vaccines enables the vaccines to be inhaled by all the animals in a herd, group, or flockan obvious advantage when the unit is large. Dissection kit and huck towel pack (to simulate sterile sx pack), 31. The other injection routes mentioned above are mainly used in hospitalized animals and are given by those professionally trained to do so. You should contact both your veterinarian and your doctor for advice. 4 0 obj Several reasons may contribute to post-injection stiffness, including age, previous injuries, and overexertion. Administration of medicine by injection is often referred to as giving drugs by the parenteral route. 0000004353 00000 n Single-use, disposable needles ensure that the needle tip is very sharp to minimize pain. 0000013990 00000 n If you are unsure about which site is best for your dog, read this article before scheduling an appointment. Before giving your dog an IM, you should know which muscles are used in this procedure. Avoid pinching the skin too hard with your fingers. 0000013654 00000 n Some veterinarians and owners have expressed concern that the use of vaccine mixtures in this way may somehow overwhelm the immune system. A veterinarian will use the most appropriate site for your dogs IM injection. The patients weight may require a longer needle. hb``Pe``b Y80() B1g=U#"&!acc>5 Its better to risk a short period of hypoglycemia than a prolonged period of hyperglycemia. 414. IM vaccines are generally given in the thick muscle at the back of the thighs. Here is some information on administering injections to animals. Note that any lasting harm is very unlikely indeed. To administer the injection, use a 0.5-inch-long needle. o [alopecia OR hair loss ], , BVMS, BSc, PhD, DSc (Hons), DACVM, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University. If the dog experiences any pain during or after the injection, you may want to massage the area to relieve the discomfort. Required fields are marked *. Be sure not to place your hand or finger over the plunger of the needle in case your dog suddenly moves and pushes your hand, resulting in the contents being wasted or injected accidentally. If you accidentally give your dog an injection, dont give it a second time! Some clients find it easier to give the injection during mealtime, as it minimizes movement. 0000033974 00000 n A simple serologic assay such as ELISA will provide this differentiation and enable eradication to proceed in the presence of vaccination. An intravenous injection (IV injection), into a vein, provides the fastest method of drug distribution. 0000013878 00000 n The viral infection alone is not life-threatening but predisposes read more , and Mannheimia haemolytica. When this is done, testing the animal for antibodies to this specific antigen enables DIVA to occur. The average intramuscular dose for dogs is 20 mg. The best sites include the quadriceps muscle, lumbar epaxial musculature, and hind leg. Dog Restraint for Lateral Saphenous Blood Draw/IV Catheter, 17. A careful push of the plunger should remove the excess air. Next: Local Anesthetic Intradermal Injections. Female Dog Urethral Catheterization- Using Vaginal Speculum, 16. and what is it compatible with. Copyright var date = new Date(); document.write(date.getFullYear()); California Veterinary Supply. We do not control or have responsibility for the content of any third-party site. 39 kilogram is equal to 85.98028218 pounds. The low end of the dose is used for moderate sedation, the high end of the dose for deep . Although it is not possible to devise precise schedules for each vaccine, certain principles are common to all methods of active immunization. 0000025191 00000 n Actinic (Solar) Dermatitis. The standard size needles to use for canine injections are 21 to 23-gauge needle, 1 to 1.5 inches long. If youre not sure, contact your veterinarian or consult an animal hospital. 0000013765 00000 n Intranasal vaccines, e.g. Skin should be swabbed with alcohol. If the coat is very dirty it should be clipped and cleaned. How to Learn Motor Skills-Helpful Hints, 3. Most owners are concerned that they may break the needle off but this is extremely unlikely. Make sure the dog sees the syringe before giving it. Appropriate sites for intramuscular injection are: The hamstrings (muscles at the back of the thigh) should generally be avoided due to the possibility of damage to the important sciatic nerve that runs in this area. Is there a holding time for this species? The demeanour of 122 dogs was assessed, and a mixture of 0.025 mg/kg acepromazine and 0.3 mg/kg morphine was injected intramuscularly into one of four randomly assigned muscle sites (cervical epaxial, triceps brachii, middle gluteal and quadriceps femoris) and the dogs' reactions to the injections w When a mixture of antigens is given to an animal simultaneously, they may compete with one another. This concern is unfounded. IM injections should be given using a shorter needle than subcutaneous injections. Injectable medications can be given intramuscularly, intravenously, or subcutaneously. Dermatologic Lesion Documentation and Description, 51. Unfortunately, the minimal duration of immunity has rarely been reliably measured. The needle used for subcutaneous injections should be 0.5 to 1 inch in length. However, manufacturers have recognized this and modified vaccines accordingly. It is now common practice to rate vaccines according to their importance. Intramuscular injections are more painful than subcutaneous ones. It can also help your dog avoid injury. As for intravenous injections, you usually need to leave those to the veterinarian. Procedure Summary & Goal a. An alternative site and technique are suggested to ensure a more reliable effect when an intramuscular injection is indicated. %%EOF SOP: INJECTIONS IN DOGS AND CATS I. The link you have selected will take you to a third-party website. Your veterinarian will prescribe the appropriate needles and syringes for your pet's needs. Nebulised drugs can be used for the treatment of respiratory disease and administration by this route allows rapid penetration to the local site where they are to have their action. Signs include tremors, ataxia, and weakness that progresses to paralysis. It will also help the tissues contract and increase the blood supply to the area. VIEWS. Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. Use a disinfectant or cleaner on these surfaces. Different formulations of injection are used for the different routes and it is particularly important not to administer an injection directly into the blood unless it is specifically recommended for this route. The trusted provider of veterinary information since 1955, Vaccine Failure and Other Adverse Events in Animals, Last review/revision Jul 2020 | Modified Nov 2022. Such symptoms usually go away after a week or so once the swelling and soreness around the area have subsided. Because the precise time of loss of maternal immunity cannot be predicted, young animals must usually be vaccinated multiple times to ensure successful immunization, and appropriate biosecurity measures should be used until immunity develops. Under some circumstances this may result in significantly improved vaccine effectiveness. Dogs and Cats . These muscle tissues have less pain receptors and are ideal for viscous medications. In fact, it can lead to infection. If youre unsure, contact the vet right away for a proper diagnosis and treatment. For example, essential vaccines in dogs in the USA would normally include canine distemper virus, parvovirus, adenovirus, and rabies virus. The used needles and syringes should then be carefully stored in a sealed container or sharps box and returned to the veterinary practice for safe disposal. Canine & Feline IM Injections Also, it can help reduce the amount of time the drug remains in the muscle. Certain proteins and other molecules of these invaders are known read more . 0000018580 00000 n Acute Hemorrhagic Diarrhea Syndrome (AHDS or HGE) Addison's Disease (Hypoadrenocorticism) Adrenal Tumor Treatment in Cushing's Syndrome. Be sure to direct the needle away from the sciatic nerve to prevent nerve damage. Dog Restraint for Lateral Saphenous Blood Draw/IV Catheter, 17. A dogs vaccines are usually administered using a subcutaneous injection. You might need to hold your pet still to avoid a mishap. Intramuscular- within the muscle, different specific sites are indicated for SA, EQ, and FA! %PDF-1.3 % These vaccines can be administered during your dog's yearly exam. Intramuscular injections in dogs can be performed on the quadriceps, lumbodorsal, or triceps muscle. Others can be injected into a vein (intravenous, or IV injection) or into a muscle (intramuscular, or IM injection). Newborn animals are passively protected by maternal antibodies and, in general, cannot be vaccinated until maternal immunity has waned. for kennel cough in dogs, are given into the nose and the live virus is able to penetrate the lining of the nose. Never administer an injection through dirty or infected skin. Intramuscular IM Injection Sites for Dogs and Cats. Dog Restraint For Cephalic Blood Draw/IV Catheter, 18. Medicine. Injecting straight into the vein can be tough for nonprofessionals, especially with critters covered in fur. However, passive antibody titers decrease exponentially. what does hong kong flight departure mean shein. FIG 3 Site of intramuscular injection FIG 4. This is the route used for administration of most injections and vaccinations/boosters. Always ask your vet for more help if you're not comfortable administering injections and they will be happy to provide more training. How to practice effectivelyfor just about anything TED-ed animated video, 7. All rights reserved. The best place to inject is half-way up the neck, in front of the shoulder.