examines the question on why federalism has not succeeded in managing and accommodating diversity in Nigeria. The paper begins by placing the question in an historical context examines its different phases and characters. Therefore, the problem with federalism in Nigeria is the mix-application or non-application of this clause especially as it has to do with power distribution (Awa, 1977). For a better explanation of the theory of federalism, I highly recommend that you watch the video below. federalism, a heavily coercive effort by a nondemocratic centralizing power to put together a multinational state, some of the components of which had previously been independent states. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ The analysis of the emerging issues and scenarios as well as the response options aims at supporting the efforts of different stakeholders including the Federal government on managing the current pro-Biafra agitation. For citation see: http://www.cejiss.org/issue-detail/biafra-s-resurgence-state-failure-insecurity-and-separatist-agitations-in-nigeria. And even now we can see the population of Nigeria compared to other countries in Africa. The possible reasons for the practice of federalism in Nigeria are several, and have, for instance, been presented as British imposition targeted at a post-colonial relationship, or as a. So, without wasting much time, what is a federal system of government? In recent times, specifically in post 2015 general election, there have been new waves of agitations for the Biafra republic by both Movement for Actualization of Sovereign State of Biafra and Indigenous People of Biafra on one hand and for Niger Delta republic by Niger Delta Avengers on the other, added to terrorism and militancy that are already threatening Nigeria fragile state. All rights reserved. Thus, federalism seemed to be the only option left for Nigeria because it allows for popular participation in government. The states' territories were formed around ethnic groups with common interest and close ties, culture, and dialects. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Reasons for the Adoption of Federalism in Nigeria. 2013 PP.100-107, This paper explores the issue of unification federalism in Nigeria, which has been an obstacle to peace, development and threats to security .The findings from an extensive reading of related materials suggest that, the root of contemporary political conflict and underdevelopment in Nigeria political landscape shows clearly in the area of imbalance political structures that were established before and after independence. That notwithstanding, The origin and concept of federalism boasts of a very popular definition by an American scholar, K.C. The chief architect of this theory is Riker. Granted is the fact that federalism was launched in Nigeria by expatriate leaders, its continued existence since independence is standing firm on the interest of the indegeneous leaders. Federalism is a method of segregating powers so that the central and local governments are each within a domain, harmonizing and autonomous. Federalism in India. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. Economic factors in adoption of federalism in Nigeria are not unconnected with the issues of resource control, wealth generation and redistribution, and income distribution. He rejects the assertion that s" Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. Excellent, thanks a lot f Federalism can be defined as a system of government in which political powers of the state are shared between the central government and other component units. Nigeria is quite a big country with an area of 923,768 km2. REASONS FOR ADOPTION OF FEDERALISM According to IDEA (2015:3), federalism is adoption for the following reasons: Scale: This credited the operation of federalism to the adoption of democracy which allowed for citizens to participate directly in political life. It is believed by many that this was one of the reasons why Nigeria adopted a federalist system. June 1,2022 The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. This paper explores the issue of unification federalism in Nigeria, which has been an obstacle to peace, development and threats to security .The findings from an extensive reading of related materials suggest that, the root of contemporary political conflict and underdevelopment in Nigeria political landscape shows clearly in the area of x^[YsF~[-`pys)fk"%J hE;}LO *%gH=zoN/oNS~~zb|\U?_s3jJ}ZxhK2&$9|H-&9)q7"|kxN7i,anHiw>&_N~@bdkBs>gIM>z2|1zFDW+1"y-#HCQJmvj4CW5z,#IwHGc&Y"`Sg|2)FQ& p:?WT hQ4M:*|9tKy?c[U(zqfNBA=XCOf~2i6KC@;DGO? 7 Topics . Not minding the general relevance of these coinages, an arduous task lies in properly assessing their specific impacts in a given political enclave. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. Federalism And Intergovernmental Relations In Nigeria. There must exist supremacy of the constitution, which implies that laws passed by the authority in the federal arrangement, if contrary to the constitution shall be declared to be ultra votes. It needs proper review so that the country can move forward as a nation. *$( %2%(,-/0/#484.7*./. C >> Here, the Attorney General of the Federation Instituted the case to test the true position so that the federal government would be guided on the varying issues of derivation formula. It is our pleasure. 2. a system of state organization, to bring a workable polity with a just moral order is the reason why states adopt or should adopt federalism. Put differently, revenue sharing has become a recurrent crisis factor in Nigeria. Consequently, the economic condition was one of the reasons that led to the adoption of federal systems of government in both Nigeria and South Africa. In Nigeria, there are different and distinct ethnic groups brought together by colonization. Parliamentary and Unitary system of government were in operation in Nigeria between 1914 and 1946. By and large, it is the nature of the relationship of the federal and state governments that determines whether a state is federal or unitary. It submits that the problem with constitutionalism in Nigeria is poor leadership and poor implementation of the Constitution. Required fields are marked *. Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. >> ), Constitutionalism, Constitution Making and Constitutional Reform in Africa: Contemporary Perspectives from Sub-Saharan Africa, Chapter IX: The politics and policies of oil deregulation in Nigeria: Implications and policy suggestions. For this alone, one thinks in consonance with the conviction of dominant scholarship, that such clustering and bundling of diverse identities in an amalgamative sense, in the case of Nigeria, is too, an irreconcilable British experimentalism of the federal principle. Now, because the level of the development of the productive forces was still at a rudimentary stage, the pervasiveness of commodity relations was equally at a low level. V(B8eDK@sx AK hG~ u;6DV,pwP# _ O4C sR 8_yC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ Dear Chidera, federalism allows the creation of ethnic-based federating units (States). government and the governed by enhancing political cohesion in such country with regional, ethic, racial, linguistic and cultural diversity like Nigeria. Keywords: Federalism, Nigeria, ethnic groups, federal character principle . /Type /XObject Thus, federalism is mostly considered a tangible element for coexistence, but much more, I think, as political syrup, for adumbrating potent dislocations inherent in, and symptomatic of pluralist societies. The history of Ijaw, Edo, Igala, Yoruba, Igbo, Nupe and Hausa Kingdoms are enriched with social-political relationships that existed before the emergence of the white man. In Nigerian democracy, there is a federalist system of government. Prof. Jan Robert Go of the Department of Political Science, UP Diliman. The federal system adopted in 1954 comprised a national government and three regional governments: Eastern, Northern, and Western. Constitutionalism in Nigeria has been crisis-ridden since independence in 1960. This notwithstanding, the concept of federalism boasts of a very popular definition by an American scholar, K.C. INTRO: Federalism has been approached with variegated definitions such that one might argue that there are as much definitions of federalism as there are authors on the subject. This is because federalism is presented as a panacea in organizing distinct political identities under a state. It was under the 1954 constitution that federal system of government was fully adopted. Nigeria thus consists of various ethnic groups and sub-national states, all of which are at the mercy of the Central government. As a result, issues relating to marginalization, economic imbalance, social alienation, ethnic suspicion and superior-subordination contestation are recurring malaises in the system. And this is one of the factors responsible for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. Unfortunately, since the formation of Nigeria and adoption of this system of governance in the country has not seen much effect of federalism. The current problems facing the Nigeria government and the Biafra separatist agitators originate in the causes and the effects of the Nigerian Civil war (06 July 1967-15 January 1970). Nigeria as a nation has succeeded in commanding influence among member states by the virtue of its size. In his judgment, Ogundare JSC agreed that the provisions to Sections 162(2) of the constitution re-stabilized the principle of derivation. welcome, and thanks for reading us. Further Philosophical Issues 4.1 Sovereignty or federalism 4.2 Issues of Constitutional and Institutional Design 4.3 Sources of Stability 4.4 Division of Power 4.5 Distributive Justice It means that the sovereign unit (Centre) and local units . Unfortunately, to suit their interests and political agenda, the federal and state governments over time immemorial have maintained great level of . 1 Issue 2, BETWEEN THE PRISMS OF NECESSITY AND LEGALITY - THE IPOB PROSCRIPTION IN CONTESTATION_pp.43-57, RE-THINKING BIAFRA IDEOLOGY OF SELF-DETERMINATION IN NIGERIA, A (UN)JUST AND (UN)HOLY WAR? The proximity of the tongues and tribes in Nigeria made it possible for the adoption of federalism in the country. Federalism is a type of government in which the sovereign authority of political power is usually divided between two units. This prototype edition of the daily Federal Register on FederalRegister.gov will remain an unofficial informational resource until the Administrative Committee of the Federal Register (ACFR) issues a regulation granting it official legal status. Required fields are marked *. Federalism has been present in Nigeria since the former British colony was reorganized into a federation of three regions in 1946. Another major reason why federalism was adopted in Nigeria is the multiple ethnic backgrounds in Nigeria. Abstract One of the arguments for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the desire for economic and political viability and development in a nation of uneven distribution of human and. /Width 371 This paper is a critical exploration of the current challenges bedeviling the Nigerian state, capable of heating up the polity and disintegrating the Nigerian project. A Policy Brief examining the actors, factors and dynamics of the agitations, questioning if the current agitation is another flash in the pan and if current responses are adequate to address the agitations for secession of Biafra from Nigeria. 3 0 obj I love this article,very educating and interesting Nigeria. /F6 21 0 R In the first place, therefore, the contemplation of a federal pact is one of an overwhelming outcome of the emphatic need to handle the above concerns acceptably. By the time Nigeria got her independence, the various party involved had been regionally based. This makes it possible for the minorities to be separated from the domination of big ethnic groups. Since a strong bond links the process through which constitutions are produced and their degree of acceptance and effectiveness, questions over the Constitutions legitimacy prompted parliament to amend it in 2010. Nigeria is confronted to the boomerang effects of the evolution of its federalism. Evidently, Nigeria's political culture. /Contents 4 0 R Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. In examining post-independence constitution-making in Nigeria, this chapter finds that military rule blighted Nigerias capacity to respond appropriately to the challenges of federalism. This simply means that federalism in Nigeria provides accommodation, an institutional arrangement which gives the component units equal and coordinate jural status. We hope to seeing you again on other posts of interest. w !1AQaq"2B #3Rbr It also decided that the Public . The post war efforts for disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of the Igbo secessionist into the post-civil war Nigeria through the (3Rs) policy of rehabilitation, reconstruction and reconciliation (the 3Rs) to promote national unity and nationalism have failed to yield desire result. Below are the reasons why Nigeria adopted a federal system of government: The major reason for the adoption of federal system of government in Nigeria is borne out of the historical experience that brought all the ethical groups together under one Nigeria. /Resources << It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide In this article, i will comprehensively discuss the reasons for federalism in Nigeria. five reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria explained. Federalism is a defined or is said to be the system where powers are shared between central and regional governments so that each is in a sphere coordinate and are independent. READ ALSO: Reasons for political apathy in Nigeria, Get the hottest stories from the largest news site in Nigeria. Federalism as a system of government which is meant to help to advance good governance and development of a multi-ethnic and big country like Nigeria. In 1954, the Nigerian founding fathers opted for a federal system of government despite its inherent challenges in a pluralistic society. Despite that, instead of unity, cooperation and consensus, there has been apparent division, disagreement, and dissension. The advanced economies where Nigeria had borrowed leaves from, such as USA practice federalism. %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz A large body of literature exists on Nigeria's fiscal federalism particularly with reference to revenue allocation. It was believed that federal system of government would take care of the interest of the minority and human rights that had been the fear of the minority under colonial rule. Book excerpt: Defensive Federalism presents an original contribution to the field of federalism and multinational democracies, exploring the concept of defensive federalism as a protection of self- government against the "tyranny of the majority". This is another reason for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. In order to examine these issues, this paper adopted qualitative research and intrinsic approach methodology, along with relative deprivation theory. The logic for this call, nay, agitation for self-determination by this group is not faulty in itself except that the laws of the land; Nigeria 1999 Constitution (as amended) does not guarantee self-determination or secession by any group of the Nigerian political environment. What is federalism? This book was released on 2022-09-16 with total page 197 pages. Nigeria has been dubbed as a product of British colonial suturing. 4 Topics . Useful tips on how to download from YouTube using SS, 10 most delicious Nigerian dishes for dinner, "Youve admitted election was flawed", Atiku replies Tinubu campaign, Whitney Adeyemi: Protest Hits Lagos as Residents Besiege Chrisland School, Long Fulani tribal braids: 30 beautiful styles to try out, Old Naira notes: 5 key things to know about Supreme Court's final verdict, "Precious don finish work": Little girl with 'anointing' prays passionately over food as mum watches, video trends. << Federalism in Nigeria. You are welcome dear reader. More so, the colonial masters with the Richards Constitution in 1947 launched Nigeria onto the path of the present federal system of government via the regionalization of the country. These crises flow from issues such as fiscal federalism, corruption, credible elections, tribal politics, ethno-religious conflicts, and disdain for the rule of law. windermere house laidley qld,